Aspinall & Associates is a self-administered affiliate of Aspinall Consulting Ltd. The grouping provides an organisational focus for a network of recognised experts from academia and from other consultancies, allowing them to work together selectively on challenging projects in the modern idiom. Individual specialists are chosen, ad hominem, to participate in identified studies managed by the Aspinall team. The principal consulting activities of Aspinall & Associates are: earthquake seismology and volcanology; probabilistic hazard assessment; earthquake engineering and instrumentation; and the formalised use of expert judgement in decision-making for low probability / high consequence events in circumstances of scientific or engineering uncertainty. Formal elicitation, representation and use of expert opinion is increasingly important for two reasons: first, advancing technology leads to more complex decision problems, for which appropriate experience data may not exist; second, the public and civil authorities are becoming increasingly aware of, and averse to, safety hazards associated with both natural disasters and modern technology. New methods have been developed for representing scientific and engineering uncertainty in terms of subjective probability and for determining rational preferences for decision-making on this basis. There is a wide diversity of technical applications for this approach when meaningful information is too sparse for traditional quantitative risk analysis, and such studies have been undertaken for the nuclear, offshore, petrochemical, geotechnical and civil aviation industries.While the R&D elements of Aspinall & Associates activities have been mainly in the area of specialised instrumentation and customised data acquisition systems for the defence, nuclear, offshore and petrochemical industries, the full range of the group's undertakings has also included involvement in managing industrial development and sustainable ecosystems in developing countries.Recent clients include Technicatome SA; British Nuclear Fuels Engineering Ltd.; NUKEM Nuklear GmbH; Morrison Knudsen International; British Airways plc; Dept. for International Development, UK Government; Foreign & Commonwealth Office; European Commission; British Geological Survey; Nuclear Electric Ltd; Bechtel Inc.; BP Research; GeoScience Ltd.; Klohn-Leonoff and Associates.